AFA event Alm3a8en Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AFA event Alm3a8en - Essay Example This is important in facilitation of ease of communication. Such auxiliary aids are always given even to the deaf to ease communication. Some of these aids involve the use of interpreters as well as other hearing devices. These include the captions, text telephone systems as well as assistive learning systems. These auxiliary aids as well as the interpreters are always offered to the disabled people free of charge. Some of the accommodation and public access facilities offered by ADA to the people with disabilities include the lodgings as well as health and exercise business areas. These include places like hotels, public conferences as well as entertainment rooms. ADA ensures that the charter bus services cater for the disabled persons through allowing for accessible buses. In addition, it liaises with the insurance companies provide the persons with disabilities with automobile insurances. ADA serves to ensure that government avails the disabled persons with free auxiliary aids. In addition, it ensures that the government agencies provide the disabled with the necessary services. This is done regardless of any relationship that may exist between the individual and the people with disabilities. ADA always ensures that employers provide necessary accommodation services to employees whenever they are declared disabled. The employer may do the declaration of disability on an employee anytime. This may be very beneficial to the disabled employee as well as the employer. This is because the employer may get federal tax credit as well as federal tax deduction from the government following such decisions involving helping the disabled

International Journal of Business and Management Essay Example for Free

International Journal of Business and Management Essay As one of the most successful fast food chain in the world, throughout the development of McDonald’s, we could easily identify many successful business strategy implementations. In this paper, I will discuss some critical business strategies, which linked to the company’s structure and external environment. This paper is organized as follows: In the first section, I will give brief introduction to the success of McDonald’s. In the second section, I will analyze some particular strategies used by McDonald’s and how these strategies are suitable to their business structure. I will then analyze why McDonald’s choose these strategies in response to the changing external environment. Finally, I will summarize the approaches used by McDonald’s to achieve their strategic goals. Keywords: Strategy, McDonald’s structure Introduction McDonald’s, originated in California, USA, 1954, has become one of the most recognized and respected brands in the world. The success achieved includes that they have established more than 30,000 franchising stores in 119 countries, serving more than 47 million people each day, and generating about $15 billions revenues annually. McDonald’s also continuously enhances its brand imagine through different social activities and the sponsorship of special events and sports i.e. as a major sponsor of the world cup since 1994 and the Champions League football in England from 1996 to 2000.(www.McDonalds.com) How can McDonald’s achieve such success? There are many formulating strategies, which we could use for our analysis of their recipe of success such as Porter’s competitive strategies model, which includes differentiation and low-cost leadership; or Miles and Snow’s ‘strategy typology’, which defined prospector, defender, analyzer, and reactor strategy. Obviously, it is extremely important for McDonald’s to choose the most appropriate strategy to be successful. From my personal point view, to be an Analyzer is the most suitable strategic position for them to develop their business as a whole especially when they facing an extreme complex continuously changing world. As Miles and Snow defined that â€Å"The analyzer tries to maintain a stable business while innovating on the periphery. It seems to lie midway between the prospector and the defender. Some products will be targeted toward stable environment in which an efficiency strategy designed to keep current customers is used. Others will be targeted toward new, mor e dynamic environment, where growth is possible.† (Richard L.Daft) It is also very important to consider how McDonald’s applies these strategies and how their strategies interact with their business structure and the external environment. 1. How McDonald’s business structure influences its strategy? The McDonald’s business structure is based upon a geographic structure. When log on their website, you will be asked to choose the country that you are interested in. Actually, McDonald’s divided its operations into five geographical divisions. (www.McDonalds.com) International Journal of Business and Management November, 2008 As shown in above pie charts that around 65% of McDonald’s restaurants and approximately 75% of its revenues are generated in the United State and Europe. So, to McDonald’s, the most important strategic approach for maintaining its leading position is to keep their major markets at the same time expanding their business into the other emerging markets. However, different consumer groups in different countries may have very different tastes and/or requirements. So each full functional geographic unit of McDonald’s was required to wholly response for producing and marketing its products in that region. Through this regional structure, McDonald’s could not only satisfy the local consumers’ needs in different geographical areas but also pursuing ‘maximum local development’. Actually they produce and market slightly different types of products in different areas, and they even have different prices. As Jim Skinner, the vice-chairmen of McDonald’s illustrated that ‘if you are looking for a command center with one push button that operate our restaurant in every corner of the world, you won’t find it’. However, their philosophy of QSCV-quality, service, cleanliness and value is same for everywhere. And McDonald’s targets the similar consumer segments that need fast service, affordable price and good standard hygiene. So their main products are similar in most countries, where they provided service, including beef, chicken, bread potatoes and milk. As the consumers in different countries having different foods requirements, McDonald’s keep launching new products for their regional consumers. In this case China and France can be very good examples. 2. McDonald’s in China: In 1990, McDonald’s opened their first store in shenzhen (near HongKong). But before they actually started their business, McDonald’s had already carried out 5 years business research and all sorts of information gathering such as the income level of the Chinese people, the kind of foods they enjoy etc. Moreover, their re-design of the counter, chairs and desks also reflected their considerations of the height and body shape of Chinese people. They made lots of efforts to promote their American burgers, and wanted to repeat the same success in China market as they has done elsewhere. Unfortunately, they are not as successful as KFC, their biggest rival, in China now. There are lots of reasons to explain it, one important issue which has once been ignored by McDonald’s is that Chinese people are more prefer chicken dishes than beef burgers, which are their main products. After identified this problem, McDonald’s has tried to adapt more Chinese tastes by adding more chicken meals into their menu for attracting more customers.(Chinese website) 3. McDonald’s in France: In France, where customers has been resentful of the fast-food chain’s incursion, McDonald’s has boosted it sales by remodeling restaurants i.e. hardwood floors, wood-beam ceilings, comfortable armchairs, and also by adding new menu items such as espresso, brioche and more upscale sandwiches. Actually they have successfully responded to the preferences of the local area. (Richard L.Daft) In the other countries the situation is the same. For example, in Canada, McDonald’s has introduced new Canadian feature breakfast. In Belgium, the McCicken Premiere has been added to the menu. Although McDonald’s has been regarded as the ultimate example of standardization for the world market. 4. How the strategy is influenced by external environment? The external environment can be divided into several sectors. In this section, I will only discuss two important parts: competitors, social concept (healthy problem) and uncertainty situation, which can greatly influence McDonald’s strategies. Then at the last part of this section, I will discuss one particular strategy they used which served for their future development purpose. Competitor: It’s unlikely that McDonald’s can always be No.1. In an annual consumer satisfaction survey, McDonald’s has been scored dead last among fast-food restaurants since 1992. In the fourth quarter of 2002, McDonald’s disclosed its first-ever quarterly loss, one reason why McDonald’s is struggling is that the consumers began to switch to its competitors, such as Burger King, Wendy’s, and Subway. These companies emphasized on offering fresher, hotter, high-quality foods at lower price with faster service. On the other hand, McDonald’s decided to close 719 poorly performing restaurants around world. All of these simply proved that McDonald’s might no longer be competitive in the fast-food market. And if McDonald’s cannot adapt external environment change, they might be gradually diminished and even replaced by other competitors. In order to keep their market share, increasing sales and profits. McDonald’s has to respond to the threat of competitors. In 2003, McDonald’s offered the McGriddles sandwiches in the US and the Canada feature breakfast. Meanwhile, McChicken Premiere and a zesty chicken have been introduced in the UK, France, Italy and Belgium. McDonald’s was trying to satisfy customer’s desire for premium products at affordable prices. Furthermore, McDonald’s is providing more choice with respond to offer ‘ Happy Meal’ to keep the children. For example, Happy meal now including chicken selects, and no-sugar –add fruit drink (juice and low-fat drink) and also to produce McDonald’s coffee which appeals to adult. Those products have been made to attract existing customer and develop new customers.(www.McDonalds) Moreover, in addition to the innovative menu, McDonald’s is also rebuilding and even relocating some of their restaurants to make the environment more attractive. At the same time, McDonald’s is differentiating itself by creating 73 Vol. 3, No. 11 International Journal of Business and Management more relevant experiences such as allowing the customers to access the Internet with the wireless technology platform. This innovative way not only attracts the teenagers, but also perfectly fitting the modern professionals’ requirements. Social problem –healthy issue With the economic development, people’s living standards have increased dramatically these years. People are becoming more concerned about their health issues. It cannot be denied that McDonald’s has attempted to make itself more convenience for the people. However, people also believe that such kinds of fast food are not good for their health. The world health organization‘s report presented that those food not only can cause the obesity of children, but also is part of the reason of causing cancer. Healthy issues became the biggest stumbling block to the development of McDonald’s. Customers were switching to healthier offering, such as Subway’s sandwiches, or KFC’s mashed potato instead of fried potato. McDonald’s has responded to this healthy trend. In order to compete, McDonald’s has added salads and other lighter options into their menu. If a mother comes in, she is not only buy the happy meal for her children, she will also be likely to buy herself a meal too .the lighter options also encourage existing customers to come back more often, because there is a greater variety of choices. Focus on Children No matter how different the tastes and the local needs are, McDonald’s has paid considerable attention to the children in every country. They built ‘happy land’ for them, offering fantastic â€Å"happy meals† with novelty toys to them. Furthermore, McDonald’s has just launched computers with games that were designed to inspire the children’s imagination at the same time shape their personal characteristics. There are three main reasons for McDonald’s to focus on the children: (1) Children are one of the biggest consumers groups to McDonald’s. And McDonald’s has been regarded, as their favorite place to go .The brand culture â€Å"happiness† is known by children. (2) McDonald’s believe that focusing on children can build the stable business, and will provide the best engine to encourage the whole family to come to McDonald’s. For example, one happy meal for a child only cost $ 5 but McDonald’s can produce more new products in addition to happy meal to offer the whole family. (3) By Building a brand loyalty with the children, McDonald’s more likely to be successfully today and in the future. In my opinion, McDonald’s is not just selling the happy meal to children; it is selling the American culture to the children – the enjoyable individual life. Actually this strategy with focused children segment is fully worked for their future development purpose. Whatever how the environment changes this strategy can always develop future generation customers’ loyalty. And the â€Å"happy children† can also bring in the whole â€Å"happy families†. Conclusion To sum up, there is a strong possibility that if the company fails to recognize the new competitions, shifting of consumer interests, and the social trends or innovative technologies, it will loose its market share. Previously, McDonald’s emphasis on adding new restaurants for near 5 years, more than 50% of increase in new restaurants opened. Unfortunately, there was only 2% of increase in the sale of the food. So, in the year 2003 McDonald’s decided to change its focus on increasing sales at existing restaurant and reduced capital spending which allows for a sizeable amount of cash be returned to shareholder. For achieving their objectives, the McDonald’s strategy should be attract more new customers, encourage existing customers to visit McDonald’s more often, build brand loyalty and, ultimately, create enduring profitable growth for the company. References Edstrà ¶m. A., Galbraith, J.R. (1977). Transfer of managers as a coordination and control strategy in multinational organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22, June, 248-263. Egelhoff, W.G. (1984). Patterns of control in U.S., U.K. and European multinational corporations. Journal of International Business Studies, Fall, 73-83 Fatehi, K. (1996). International Management, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Geringer, J.M. Hebert, L. (1989). Control and performance of international joint ventures. Journal of International Business Studies, Summer, 235-253 Hodgetts, R.M., Luthans, F. (1994). International Management, New York: McGraw-Hi Richard L.Daft,(2005).Organization Theory and Design, 8th edition, Thomson ,south-western(Chapter 10) Mead, R. (1994). International Management. Cross Cultural Dimensions, Oxford: Blackwell. http://baike.baidu.com/view/4676.htm

The New Teenage Parent Essay -- Essays Papers

The New Teenage Parent I originally wrote this essay as an assignment for Monique DuFour's class about how we classify different groups of people. I think that the part of the student population that are parents (especially single parents) are often forgotten by the University as a whole. I say this because there are very few, if any, programs that recognize and cater to the needs of parents/students that may need a little extra help, with time or financially. As I revised this essay, I tried to think of ways that I could speak to a larger audience and raise general awareness on this issue. A young man is at a party. He reaches in his pocket for some money, but he smiles to himself and pulls out a pacifier. He's a young single father. A young woman is playing on the lawn with a little boy, tickling him and laughing as he giggles. He's not her little brother. . . he's her son. Even more than being single parents, these are real people and have been or are currently students in college. I naturally feel that what I have to say is important because I am one of these people. I have a two-year old son, Jaymen. I also want you, the reader, to know that we, the young single parents who are a part of the United States, New York State, Syracuse and even closer to home, Syracuse University, are definitely more than statistics. I could tell my story and try to prove that to you, but that would not be a multi-faceted account of what being a single parent is. When I use the term, single parent, I am keeping in mind the literal meaning of single--unmarried. I am not excluding support of the other parent in any situation. When I add the word young to it, I am referring to a male or female whose child was born while they wer... ...ie, which ended in divorce five years later. She went to nursing school part-time, while working various kinds of jobs. She remarried while in school and finished nursing school when she was in her early thirties. Her son, Anthony, has finished high school and is now in the Marines. He's twenty-one now. She's divorced and now working as a traveling nurse. She never had any more children. The list of success stories for young single parents go on and on. Just because a person has made a mistake in the past does not mean that the future has to be a life full of mistakes. The saying, "Life is what you make it," is true. There is a difference, however. The extra incentive to work hard is to look into the big brown eyes of a child that you helped to create and realize that you have to be a good example and teach them to make their lives a little better than yours was. The New Teenage Parent Essay -- Essays Papers The New Teenage Parent I originally wrote this essay as an assignment for Monique DuFour's class about how we classify different groups of people. I think that the part of the student population that are parents (especially single parents) are often forgotten by the University as a whole. I say this because there are very few, if any, programs that recognize and cater to the needs of parents/students that may need a little extra help, with time or financially. As I revised this essay, I tried to think of ways that I could speak to a larger audience and raise general awareness on this issue. A young man is at a party. He reaches in his pocket for some money, but he smiles to himself and pulls out a pacifier. He's a young single father. A young woman is playing on the lawn with a little boy, tickling him and laughing as he giggles. He's not her little brother. . . he's her son. Even more than being single parents, these are real people and have been or are currently students in college. I naturally feel that what I have to say is important because I am one of these people. I have a two-year old son, Jaymen. I also want you, the reader, to know that we, the young single parents who are a part of the United States, New York State, Syracuse and even closer to home, Syracuse University, are definitely more than statistics. I could tell my story and try to prove that to you, but that would not be a multi-faceted account of what being a single parent is. When I use the term, single parent, I am keeping in mind the literal meaning of single--unmarried. I am not excluding support of the other parent in any situation. When I add the word young to it, I am referring to a male or female whose child was born while they wer... ...ie, which ended in divorce five years later. She went to nursing school part-time, while working various kinds of jobs. She remarried while in school and finished nursing school when she was in her early thirties. Her son, Anthony, has finished high school and is now in the Marines. He's twenty-one now. She's divorced and now working as a traveling nurse. She never had any more children. The list of success stories for young single parents go on and on. Just because a person has made a mistake in the past does not mean that the future has to be a life full of mistakes. The saying, "Life is what you make it," is true. There is a difference, however. The extra incentive to work hard is to look into the big brown eyes of a child that you helped to create and realize that you have to be a good example and teach them to make their lives a little better than yours was.

Danone Case Study

Organizational culture is formed by how the information is flowing around the company. Some organizations prefer top-down approach in which information sharing is usually limited to the key personnel. In contrast, some organizations prefer bottom-up approach in which information is usually shared among the firm and management makes decision based on feedbacks. In the case of Danone, the company formed a culture of networking in order to encourage more information sharing among employees. Danone has been a success in the consumer goods sector due to its innovative culture, and it also enjoys climbing revenues in the recent years. Knowledge management challenges faced by Danone There were two challenges faced by Danone. First, sharing was not a natural thing among employees especially when there were no personal connections. Donone’s employees prefer sharing information by talking to each other than sharing information on computers. Second, some managers were not comfortable to let their teams to discuss matters, because managers worried that their positions being challenged if teams are able to solve problems by themselves. However, management believes that these solutions from teams are useful within the firm. Therefore, the Networking Attitude was launched to encourage employees to develop personal connections and to help managers to work in networks in order to overcome Danone’s knowledge management challenges. The Networking Attitude initiative The Networking Attitude has been an excellent facilitator to encourage Danone employees to network with each other. The goal of Danone is to utilize a game like structure to allow employees to form a special bond with each other. Organizing the marketplace activity, the company set up a fun, relax and informal atmosphere to allow employees to connect with each other and exchange ideas. Dressing in costumes also helps to lower people’s barrier to make connections. However, the problem of the Networking Attitude is that there could be lack of motivation from employees to network. If employees’ objectives are not aligned, there is little reason for employees to make connections with each other. Also, employees are not rewarded based on their performance in this initiative. Many employees may not have incentives to do more outside of their routine works while no personal goal can be achieved. In my opinion, Danone can utilize more on this networking platform to align with employee’s personal goals. For example, Danone can encourage employee to network across divisions, so the network can help them to change jobs across departments. Danone should go deeper (more employees) on knowledge sharing Danone’s culture is to encourage more information flows, and more employees should be involved in knowledge sharing. By encouraging employees to share, it can increase employee’s morale, and both top management and low level employees are able to understand more on the company as a whole. By allowing more employees to participate, it will increase employees’ sense of belonging. Employees will also be more open to bring up innovative ideas which will also benefit the company. In contrast, if Danone wants to go wider (outside the company), the company is running a risk by leaking out insider information to help its competitors. The bottom up approach organizational culture of Danone is one of the main reasons that make the company competitive in its sector. Without these three main components: flat hierarchy structure, encouraging information sharing, and reacting fast to the markets; Danone would be in a different position today.

Communication Monographs Essay

Hospice Employees are the employees providing care to those for the sick and terminally ill; they are staffed by physicians, nurses home health aides, social workers, counselors, clergy, and community volunteers. Hospices are a specially trained team that develops a care okay to trail patients’ needs for pain. This study explores the communication of compassion at work, and extends past research on compassion, highlighting its complete nature and a model that presents its communication action. The study was done to bring attention to the discrete details of each patient’s situation is fundamental to the communicative compassion sub process of recognizing. The method of analysis were relied upon a two-level iterative analysis, alternately using etic-level categories bas on existing research and theory and emic level categories that emerged from the data and participant’s voices (Miles & Huberman, 1994). Open coding was engaged then identifying relationships and second-level analytic themes in the codes was processed. The open codes were classified into groups, analytic memos explored the categories, and data was recorded then used theoretically. Interviews with 29 nurses were completed, and the hypothesis stated was ‘Conceptualization not only captures the sub process of compassion, but also highlights the integral role of communication’. Compassion is accomplished through communication behaviors and attending verbal social support, in order to influence organizational performance and work outcomes. Many researchers show that people prefer to die at home, surrounded by their loved ones, and free of pain. But hospice advocates less obtrusive end-of-life techniques, trying to keep the dying free from pain, which is referred to as ‘death with dignity’. Hospice supports physical and psychosocial needs, nursing dying patients and their families. Compassion fatigue is a form of traumatic stress, resulting from extra care, as it is told to be the ‘cost of caring’. The concept evolved from the study of employers who witness suffering (example; nurses) (Abendroth & Flannery, 2006). All employee is inauthentic or organizationally mandated, employees feel ‘put on’ sometimes, the work becomes emotional and they feel that they are authentically expressing warranted emotion. Healthcare provides new jobs and opportunities to workers; hospice workers often enter such jobs with the idea of ‘helping others’, or ‘making a difference’ to this world. However, research shows employees who work in such personal social service cares, experience the highest rates of depression in the US (NSDUH report, 2007). Burnout; conceptualized as a consequence of caregiving stressors is characterized by; emotional exhaustion, depersonalization or a negative shift in responses to others, mainly clients, and a decreased sense of personal accomplishments (Debbie, 2008). Sociologist Clark (1997) insisted on understanding the social and cultural phenomenon of sympathy, and engaged in a collection of analysis. Clark’s study was developed by Kanov et al. (2004); identifying three interrelated processes: noticing another’s emotional state, feeling the other’s pain (through empathic concern), and responding by working to alleviate another’s suffering. Volunteer activities included direct patient care, such as feeding, grooming, changing beds, and providing both the patient and the patients family care. Recognizing is necessary is holistic nature of hospice care, as it implies we understand the value in others’ communicative cues, timing, and context, as well as the cracks between messages. Relating also took several forms of hospice; as you have to relate to the patients position, feel with them and stand by them. Reacting, also plays a role in hospice, how the employee reacts with a client affects the client. In conclusion, emotional connections are the keys to compassion. Two communication issues are revealed in this article; firstly, if a hospice misbehaves towards a client it affects the feelings of the client, and secondly, hospices jobs aren’t as easy as they seem, as it is leading to high depression rates. This study reveals that the contours of compassion in organizational life are complex and dynamic, which I personally agree on. The hypothesis stated was proven, and makes complete sense ‘Conceptualization highlights the integral role of communication’. Helping provide insight on adaptive and energizing emotional processes and illustrating how work can be meaningful, important, and lead to human growth is an important factor to our lives. Care, generosity and compassion should be traded within workplaces. Other Resources: 1. The ACTive intervention in hospice interdisciplinary team meetings: Exploring family caregiver and hospice team communication journal of computer- mediated communication Elaine Wittenberg-Lyles, PhD (April 1, 2010) 2. Improving the way we die: A coorienation study assessing agreement/disagreement in the organization-public relationship of hospices and physicians Journal of health communication Kathleen S. Kelly, Micheal F. Thompson, Richard D. Waters (September 1, 2006) 3. Hospice and the intangible wonders of being Mary Josephone Mahoney (April 1, 2009)

The eNotes Blog Stories and Quotes from LGBTQ+ Authors of the EnglishCanon

Stories and Quotes from LGBTQ+ Authors of the EnglishCanon June is Pride month! It is a month in which the U.S honors the impact that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people have had on our society, culture, and national identity. While the U.S. and much of the world has a long history of shaming and oppressing LGBTQ+ individuals with social stigma and violence, Pride focuses on celebrating sexuality and gender diversity while positively promoting self-affirmation, dignity, and equality for LGBTQ+ communities. In honor of Pride, we’re focusing on the stories of famous writers who not only shaped Western literature as we know it today, but also improved, altered, or inspired the discourse surrounding sexual identity and gender expectations. Enjoy the following four stories and famous quotes from LGBTQ+ authors! 1. H. D. I will be free, no lovers kiss to bind me to earth, no bliss of love to counteract actual bliss. In his  Autobiography, poet William Carlos Williams describes H.D. as an intense woman looking to cast off the conventions of Victorian society. He describes how she would splash ink all over her clothes before she began writing to give herself the â€Å"feeling of freedom and indifference.† H.D. (born Hilda Doolittle in Pennsylvania) was an important part of the modernist movement whose work spans five decades from the Victorian Era to the Atomic Age. She focuses on love, war, death, and life through innovative perceptions of gender, language, and mythology. H.D.’s poetry uses images full of sensation so that you can almost taste the ripeness of the fruit in her  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Orchard†Ã‚  or feel the oppressive heat in  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Garden.† Along with adding beautiful poetry to the imagist and modernist movements, H.D. explored her bisexuality openly and began important conversations in psychology about the complexity of human sexuality. H.D.’s first love was male poet Ezra Pound in the early 1900s. The couple’s passionate affair was controversial, but the couple decided to get married despite rumor and opinion. Pound saw H.D. as his muse and she imagined a bohemian lifestyle with her lover. However, as the relationship grew more conventional, H.D. began questioning traditional expectations of sexuality, gender, and marriage. She became disenchanted with being his muse and broke off the engagement. It was around this time that H.D. met Frances Gregg, an intense, young, female poet who would become H.D.’s lover and muse. She saw Gregg as her â€Å"twin soul.† Though Gregg was possessive, H.D. felt the secret, forbidden relationship gave her freedom from Pound that inspired her to write prolifically. This intense poetic output came to a screeching halt when H.D. discovered Gregg and Pound had a secret intimate relationship; the erotic threesome left H.D. feeling betrayed and disenchanted. H.D. eventually sought Sigmund Freud’s help her with her writer’s block. She came to understand her sexuality over the course of her sessions with Freud. It was his opinion that her writer’s block came from her own discomfort with her bisexuality. Freud’s analysis of where this discomfort came from an  Oedipal obsession with her mother  remains extremely controversial; however, unlike many of his other patients, H.D. pushed back against any diagnosis that she did not agree with. Namely, Freud’s theory that women’s issues came from envy of â€Å"man-strength† or their possession of a penis. She instead celebrated the erotic, spiritual, and assertive power of women and claimed that â€Å"woman is perfect.† 2. Oscar Wilde Never love anyone who treats you like youre ordinary. Oscar Wilde is remembered for his bold personality, quick wit, and humor. His plays  The  Importance of Being Earnest  and  An Ideal Husband  made the face of theatrical drama more absurd, short stories like  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Canterville Ghost†Ã‚  satirized popular literary trends like the gothic, and his only novel,  The Picture of Dorian Gray,  challenged conventional perceptions of beauty, truth, and morality. You’ve probably seen his witty quotes on your friend’s Instagram pages: â€Å"You can never be overdressed or overeducated.† â€Å"Be yourself, everyone else is already taken.† â€Å"Always forgive your enemies; nothing annoys them so much.† But these witty remarks, his brilliant writing, and extravagant lifestyle are only part of Wilde’s story. Wilde was the victim of stringent anti-gay laws in England in the 19th century. In 1885, The Criminal Law Amendment, or Labouchere Amendment, made â€Å"gross indecency† a crime in the United Kingdom. â€Å"Gross indecency† was a fluid term used to describe any kind of behavior that the court deemed harmful to society. It was disproportionately used to convict homosexuals when the court could not prove that intercourse had taken place. In 1895, Oscar Wilde was convicted by this law and sentenced to two years in a hard labor prison. Wilde had been romantically involved with Lord Alfred Douglas, an aristocratic poet and political commentator. When Douglas’s father, the Marquis of Queensberry, found out about the relationship, he left a note for Wilde at the Albemarle Club in London which labeled him a â€Å"Posing Somdomite,† misspelling his accusation that Wilde was committing sodomy. Wilde was furious. Though he was in a secretly gay relationship that everyone in his social circle knew about, sodomy was considered a crime punishable by life in prison. Wilde brought a lawsuit against Queensberry for public defamation. However, the courts almost instantly dismissed Wilde’s claims and instead used it as an opportunity to convict him. Prison broke Wilde. He was subjected to poor nutrition, hard labor, and multiple untreated illnesses. Once, he was so ill and malnourished that he collapsed and ruptured his left eardrum- an injury that was responsible for the meningitis that would kill him only a few years later. He left prison broken, demoralized, and publicly hated. He exiled himself and went to Paris, where he stayed with a series of friends. Against the advice of his friends, Wilde rekindled his love with Douglass for a few short months in France, but their families tore them apart, threatening to cut them off from their allowances. He died of cerebral meningitis in 1900. He was only 46-years old. In 2017, Wilde was posthumously pardoned along with around 50,000 other men when Parliament passed the Policing and Crime act of 2017, which automatically pardoned all men convicted of homosexual acts that are no longer considered criminal. Homosexuality was not decriminalized in the UK until 1967. 3. Walt Whitman Not I, nor anyone else can travel that road for you.You must travel it by yourself.  It is not far. It is within reach.Perhaps you have been on it since you were born, and did not know.Perhaps it is everywhere- on water and land. Walt Whitman is one of the United States’ most renowned and respected poets. He embraced the American transcendental movement, which believed in the inherent goodness of people. His epic collection of poetry,  Leaves of Grass, is considered one of the central works of U.S. poetry, though it was initially condemned as too explicitly sexual. Whitman’s sexuality has long been under debate among scholars. All evidence we now have of his homosexuality or bisexuality are second-hand accounts. Peter Doyle, Whitmans inseparable companion for several years after their meeting in 1866, described their connection as one of mutual love and understanding: We were familiar at once- I put my hand on his knee- we understood. He did not get out at the end of the trip- in fact went all the way back with me. Whitman wrote about Doyle in his manuscripts using the code â€Å"16.4,† Doyle’s numerical initials in the alphabet. Whitman’s love poem â€Å"Once I Pass’d Through A Populous City† was originally written to a man- the pronouns being changed to address a woman when it was published. Even Oscar Wilde, who met Whitman in 1882, claimed I have the kiss of Walt Whitman still on my lips, and insisted that Whitman was gay. However, the poet himself vehemently dismissed all questions and claims that he had homosexual relations while he was alive. He even claimed to have fathered six illegitimate children, a claim that was never corroborated by an ex-lover, child, or birth certificate. Whitman’s denials suggest that his sexuality was more complex than his society allowed it to be. Whitman lived from 1819–1892 in New York and New Jersey. Sodomy was a capital offense on the level of murder in the United States until 1962. On top of legal prohibitions, homosexual men were violently persecuted by the communities in which they lived. Whitman’s beautiful, lyrical, and insightful poetry shows that he could find beauty and reassurance in the world. Even though he was born into a society in which he might have had to repress his identity and was denied the right to explore his own sexuality, Whitman focused on love, friendship, democracy, and the soul. 4. Katherine Mansfield What I feel for you cant be conveyed in phrasal combinations; it either screams out loud or stays painfully silent but I promise- it beats words. It beats worlds. Much of what we know about Katherine Mansfield’s personal life is from the series of diaries she kept throughout her life. Originally born in New Zealand, Mansfield lived most of her adult life in England. She attended Queen’s College where she developed intellectual freedom and fell in love with the writing and lifestyle of Oscar Wilde. Though her parents expected her and her sisters to become upper-class socialites, Mansfield preferred to live a bohemian lifestyle. In her journals she writes that while with her family, she felt a sense of unutterable loneliness pervaded [her] spirit. Mansfield’s life in London consisted of emotional and personal tumult and constant writing. She has a series of male and female lovers, one marriage, and two miscarriages or abortions. Her mother, Annie, ventured to London at one point and tried to check her daughter into a fancy hotel for an intervention. When Annie returned to New Zealand, she cut Mansfield out of her will. Mansfield said of herself that she was a writer with a rapacious appetite for everything and principles as light as my purse. Her most significant relationship was with Ida Baker, a woman whom she met at Queens College in 1903. Baker was intensely loyal and dedicated to Mansfield. She stayed with her through multiple relationships, illnesses, engagements, and a marriage. She was Mansfield’s confidante, doormat, housekeeper, nurse, and fan. It is unclear if their relationship was ever sexual in nature. In many writings, Mansfield seems violently angry at Baker yet in some ways depends on her to be there. Baker in turn seems to be infatuated with Mansfield, calling her â€Å"angel† and â€Å"love.† Mansfield’s broad experiences during this time gave her the perspective to revolutionize the English short story, writing brilliant tales like  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Garden Party.†Ã‚  She presents complex personalities and rejects modern conventions of plot or endings to create portraits of characters interacting with moments. Her prose is not overly emotional; rather, her characters have sharp, resonant reactions to events. Mansfield explored sexuality, vulnerability, insensitivity, and the instability of the family. She drew power from painful or mundane experiences and was thus able to present the world with its messy complexities.

Paper Products Corporation Essays - Marketing, Office Equipment

Paper Products Corporation Essays - Marketing, Office Equipment Paper Products Corporation Mary Miller is the marketing manager for Paper Products Corporation and she has to decide whether she should allow her largest customer to buy some of Paper Products? file folders and market them under their own name (Natcom Inc.) rather than the FILEX brand used by Paper Products. Mary is afraid that if she doesn?t accept the offer, the customer will find another file folder producer. Mary really only has two options; accept the offer from Natcom or refuse the offer from Natcom. There is a certain degree of risk involved with either option and she needs to decide which option is the safest for Paper Products Corporation. If Paper Products refuses the offer they are putting themselves in a position to possibly lose 30 percent of their business, approximately 12 million dollars per year. Even if Natcom continued purchasing their other supplies from Paper Products, and only quit purchasing file folders, the business would lose approximately 4.2 million dollars per year. If Mary decided to take the offer from Natcom, and allow them to sell Paper Products? file folders with their name, she would be going against company policy and it would not be easy to change this policy. It would be very easy for Paper Products to accommodateNatcom?s offer because they have excess capacity. If they turn down the business, Natcom could go to another producer and cut into Paper Products? sales at Natcom stores. Another benefit of this offer is that Paper Products would not have to spend any marketing dollars to acquire this new business. Natcom came to them with this offer and it did not cost Mary Miller, or Paper Products anything. According to the marketing concept, Mary should accept the offer from Natcom. As marketing manager, Mary should identify what the customer needs, and make Paper Products Inc. the best company at satisfying those needs for a profit. In this case the customer is Natcom and they obviously need to market a line of file folders with their name attached. This need should be clear to Mary because her customer has now approached her three times with this request. Mary will need her expert marketing skills when she tries to sell this idea to Bob Butcher, Paper Products president. Mr. Butcher is primarily interested in the development of new products but he will most likely be interested in this proposal since it deals with his companies? biggest customer. There will have to be a policy change for Paper Products Inc. concerning the corporate policy of refusing dealer-branding requests. Paper Products implemented this policy because they wanted the success of their products to depend on the quality rather than just a low price, but only 40 percent of their file folder products are in a specialized line while the other 60 percent are relatively homogeneous shopping products. The success of the homogeneous file folders will be very dependent on the price rather than the quality, therefore this policy depending on quality rather than low price needs to be revised. Mary should also approach Mr. Butcher about using some more of the company?s available money for the promotion of their existing brands. Paper Products needs to pull some of their money out of new-product development and attempt to achieve some market penetration. Although 60 percent of the current market does sound appealing, they may be able to grab some of the remaining 40 percent with some good promotions and market penetration.

Definition and Examples of Paradox in English Grammar

Definition and Examples of Paradox in English Grammar A paradox is a  figure of speech in which a statement appears to contradict itself. Adjective: paradoxical. In everyday communication, notes H.F. Platt, paradox is mostly used for expressing astonishment or disbelief at something unusual or unexpected (Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, 2001). A compressed paradox (one thats expressed in just a few words) is called an oxymoron. Etymology: From the Greek, incredible, contrary to opinion or expectation.Pronunciation: PAR-a-doxAlso Known As: paradoxa (Greek) Examples Some of the biggest failures I ever had were successes. (attributed to American actress and singer Pearl Bailey)  The swiftest traveler is he that goes afoot. (Henry David Thoreau, Walden, 1854)If you wish to preserve your secret, wrap it up in frankness. (Alexander Smith, On the Writing of Essays. Dreamthorp, 1854)I have found the paradox, that if you love until it hurts, there can be no more hurt, only more love. (attributed to Mother Teresa)War is peace.Freedom is slavery.Ignorance is strength.(George Orwell, 1984)â€Å"Paradoxically though it may seem . . ., it is none the less true that life imitates art far more than art imitates life.† (Oscar Wilde)Language . . . has created the word loneliness to express the pain of being alone. And it has created the word solitude to express the glory of being alone. (Paul Tillich, The Eternal Now, 1963)Some day you will be old enough to start reading fairy tales again. (C.S. Lewis to his godchild, Lucy Barfield, to whom he dedicate d The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe) Perhaps this is our strange and haunting paradox here in America- that we are fixed and certain only when we are in movement. (Thomas Wolfe, You Cant Go Home Again, 1940)Yes, I must confess. I often find myself more at home in these ancient volumes than I do in the hustle-bustle of the modern world. To me, paradoxically, the literature of the so-called dead tongues holds more currency than this mornings newspaper. In these books, in these volumes, there is the accumulated wisdom of mankind, which succors me when the day is hard and the night lonely and long. (Tom Hanks as Professor G.H. Dorr in The Ladykillers, 2004) The Paradox of Catch-22 There was only one catch and that was Catch-22, which specified that concern for ones own safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions. Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didnt, but if he was sane he had to fly them. If he flew them he was crazy and didnt have to; but if he didnt want to he was sane and had to. (Joseph Heller, Catch-22, 1961) Kahlil Gibrans Paradoxes At times [in The Prophet by Khalil Gibran], Almustafa’s vagueness is such that you can’t figure out what he means. If you look closely, though, you will see that much of the time he is saying something specific; namely, that everything is everything else. Freedom is slavery; waking is dreaming; belief is doubt; joy is pain; death is life. So, whatever you’re doing, you needn’t worry, because you’re also doing the opposite. Such paradoxes . . . now became his favorite literary device. They appeal not only by their seeming correction of conventional wisdom but also by their hypnotic power, their negation of rational processes. (Joan Acocella, Prophet Motive. The New Yorker, Jan. 7, 2008) Loves Paradox You will notice that what we are aiming at when we fall in love is a very strange paradox. The paradox consists of the fact that, when we fall in love, we are seeking to re-find all or some of the people to whom we were attached as children. On the other hand, we ask our beloved to correct all of the wrongs that these early parents or siblings inflicted upon us. So that love contains in it the contradiction: the attempt to return to the past and the attempt to undo the past. (Martin Bergmann as Professor Levy in Crimes and Misdemeanors, 1989) The Language of Poetry Originally a paradox was merely a view which contradicted accepted opinion. By round about the middle of the 16th c. the word had acquired the commonly accepted meaning it now has: an apparently self-contradictory (even absurd) statement which, on closer inspection, is found to contain a truth reconciling the conflicting opposites. . . . Some critical theory goes so far as to suggest that the language of poetry is the language of paradox. (J.A. Cuddon, A Dictionary of Literary Terms, 3rd ed. Blackwell, 1991) Paradox as an Argumentative Strategy Useful as instruments of instruction because of the wonder or surprise they engender, paradoxes also work to undermine the arguments of ones opponents. Among the ways to accomplish this, Aristotle (Rhetoric 2.23.16) recommends in his manual for the rhetorician exposing the disjunction between an opponents public and private views on such topics as justice- a recommendation that Aristotle would have seen put into practice in the debates between Socrates and his various opponents in the Republic. (Kathy Eden, Platos Rhetoric of Education. A Companion to Rhetoric and Rhetorical Criticism, ed. by Walter Jost and Wendy Olmsted. Blackwell, 2004) G.K. Chesterton on Paradox By paradox we mean the truth inherent in a contradiction. . . . [In the paradox] the two opposite cords of truth become entangled in an inextricable knot . . . [but it is] this knot which ties safely together the whole bundle of human life. (G. K. Chesterton, The Outline of Sanity, 1926) The Lighter Side of Paradoxes I dare say that one of the strangest contradictions to beset contradiction fanciers recently was the situation confronting anybody who was seeking shelter in New York City. Not only were hotel rooms scarcer than the heath hen- after all, you could pick up an occasional heath hen before Christmas if you didnt mind going into the black market for it- but the reason for their scarcity was that most of them were occupied by people who had flocked to the National Hotel Exposition to discuss the scarcity of hotel rooms. Sounds paradoxical, doesnt it? I mean, if there arent any other paradoxes around. (S.J. Perelman, The Customer Is Always Wrong. Acres and Pains, 1947)

Cellular Respiration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Cellular Respiration - Essay Example ATP is called as a "Universal energy currency" since all the energy transactions of the cell use this molecule. In terms of efficiency, aerobic respiration is more efficient than the anaerobic respiration which yields only two molecules of ATP. Both these modes of respiration share the initial Glycolysis step, which occurs in cytoplasm. After, the glycolysis, other reactions of the aerobic respiration, Krebs (Citric acid cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation takes place in mitochondria. Of the four different isozymes, type IV enzyme is not amenable to feedback inhibitory mechanism and is specific to liver and pancreas. During elevated levels of blood glucose, excess amount of Glucose-6-phosphate is made for conversion to glycogen for future use in liver (Table 1). 2. The second reaction of this cascade is catalyzed by phosphoglucose isomerase leading to interconversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate during glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (Table 1). 3. Third step in the glycolysis in another priming reaction leading to the addition of another phosphate group by an enzyme called phosphofructokinase 1. This is a unidirectional reaction committing the cells to glycolysis. A phosphatase called fructose bisphosphatase is required for the reverse reaction. A balance of enzymatic activities of phosphofructokinase and fructose bisphosphatase determines whether the reaction proceeds towards glycolysis or gluconeogenesis. This reaction is activated by AMP and also fructose 2,6-bisphosphate which is a product of the reaction catalyzed by phosphofructokinase 2. These enzymes are downregulated by glucagon at the transcriptional level. Fructose bisphosphatase is inhibited by fructose 2,6 bisphosphate (Table 1). 4. The fourth step in the process of glycolysis is the reversible cleavage of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to form two different triose phosphates, both of which continue through glycolysis, by an enzyme termed aldolase. The different isozymes of aldolase have different catalytic functions: aldolases A and C are mainly involved in glycolysis, while aldolase B

MHE513 - Risk Assessment and Epidemiology Module 2 - Case Essay

MHE513 - Risk Assessment and Epidemiology Module 2 - Case - Essay Example The Public Health Statement of Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR, 2005) provides information about zinc, including the hazards associated with excessive exposure to the otherwise essential element. Zinc is a ubiquitous element of the earth’s crust, occurring in small amounts in almost all igneous rocks. It is widely distributed in air, water, soil, and all living matter. Zinc enters the environment both through natural processes and human activities, in particular activities such as mining, purification of zinc, lead and cadmium-containing ores, steel production, and coal and waste burning. Increased levels of zinc in the soil can occur through disposal of wastes from metal manufacturing industries and electrical utilities producing coal ash, and fertilizer application. Industrial and domestic sewage and run-off from soil containing zinc can release zinc into waterways and ground water. Zinc, present as fine dust particles in the air, is washed down by rain and snow into the lakes and rivers where it mostly settles on the bottom. A small amount of zinc may occur dissolved in water. The concentration of dissolved zinc increases with increasing acidity of water. Zinc and its compounds have many industrial uses including galvanization of iron and steel to prevent rusting and corrosion; preparation of alloys such as brass and copper; manufacturing of dry cell batteries, white paints, ceramics, rubber, fabric dyes and wood preserving compounds. Zinc is also an important constituent of cosmetics, hair-care and health-care products such as sunblock lotions, talcum powder, anti-dandruff shampoos, diaper rash ointments, deodorants etc. Zinc chloride is used to make smoke bombs. Zinc carbamates are used as pesticides (World Health Organization WHO, 1996). Exposure of humans to metals is generally inevitable as metals are ubiquitous in the environment. Chemicals including zinc are released into the environment (air, water

Discuss the onset and clinical picture of PTSD in young people with Essay

Discuss the onset and clinical picture of PTSD in young people with reference to the literature and using case examples - Essay Example This critical review is being undertaken in the hope of establishing a clear and comprehensive understanding of PTSD and its impact on young people’s lives. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is usually seen after a major disaster or traumatic experience. Several studies assessing emotional responses were carried out in the wake of the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center attacks. In a paper by Adams and Boscarino (2006, p. 485), the authors set out to identity the factors associated with PTSD following the World Trade Center Disaster (WTCD) and the changes in PTSD status which were seen over time. This study was a prospective cohort study of New York City adults living in the city on September 11, 2001 and was conducted a year after the attacks and another year after that for follow-up. About 2000 individuals were covered in the first survey and 1600 on the second survey (Adams & Boscarino, 2006, p. 485). The study revealed that in the year immediately following the WTCD, younger females who experienced previous trauma and negative life events, and who had low self-esteem had a greater possibility of developing PTSD (Adams & Boscarino, 20 06, p. 485). In the second year following the September 11 attacks, those who were middle-aged, Latinos, who experienced previous trauma and negative life events, and those who had low self-esteem were more likely to develop PTSD (Adams & Boscarino, 2004, p. 485). The study was able to point out crucial qualities in individuals which made them vulnerable to PTSD after a significant trauma like the September 11 attacks. This study is a peer-reviewed research conducted by reputable experts in the field of psychology and psychiatry. The study presented in detail the different characteristics present among respondents which make them vulnerable to PTSD. The authors were able to draw an analysis based on reliable statistical results. These results were also related and founded on

Business Law,law of tort Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Law,law of tort - Case Study Example Furthermore, the statement 'opponents say that he puts the keys of high powered cars back into the hands of drink drivers is ironical and it is meant to lower his reputation as a celebrity lawyer.' Again look at the words 'stitch him up' as used by the police officers. These words can be interpreted by any ordinary person. The words should not be taken in their ordinary meaning in order to find defamation in them but from the inference which would be drawn by the ordinary person who read the words. i) Substantial damages: The allegations on the newspaper are enormous especially that Nick Freeman was arrested on conspiracy to pervert the course of justice in a bid to protect drunk drivers. It is apparent that these allegations will substantially affect his profession. He should therefore sue the company substantial damages. 2 Special damages: The article would be read by several clients of Nick and his several would-be clients. They may refuse to enter into contracts with him in future. This is likely to financially affect his career in the future. He can the therefore seek special damages for that matter. In the case of Byre v Deare, the plaintiff was a member of a golf club. Some gaming machines were removed from the club following the complaints made to police. Then some typewritten lampoons were placed where the machines were installed and it read a follow:- For many years upon this spot, You heard the sound of the merry bell, Those who were rash and those who were not, Lost and made a spot of cash, But he who gave the game away, May be Byrne in hell rue the day. 3 An action for defamation by the plaintiff did not succeed as it was held that a right thinking person would not view the words as defamatory. ii) Another remedy available to Nick is injunction. Since he is anxiously eager to prevent further publications by the newspaper, he can apply for an injunction. This would compel the court to order the company to stop further publication of information concerning him. 4 Case 2 Fiona Shackleton is currently employed by Payre Hick Beach which was not her employer at the time of the case between Prince of Wales and Diana. But the Evening Standard has gone ahead to print a false statement that it was Payre Hicks Beach firm as a whole which conducted the case when the truth is that it was in fact Farrar's. 5 Fiona Shackleton shall have to proof the following:- i) Justification: - in order for her to successfully sue the defendants, Fiona Shackleton must justify that the words so printed injured her reputation as a lawyer. For that matter, she should argue that these printings would effect a similar case before her, that of Sin Paul Mc Carthey v Lady Mills - Mc Marthey. ii) Reference to the plaintiff: - That the words so printed referred to her. Though in actual sense, there is nowhere her name is mentioned, only the firm's name. She is the one who represented the case into E. Hulton and Co. v Jones. A newspaper published an article that the plaintiff was accused of staying with a woman in France. The defendants alleged that they had invented the name i.e. there was

Don't Know Much About History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Don't Know Much About History - Essay Example Nevertheless, in historical ages when American educational system was being conceptualized and developed, no one was interested to view the ideas from various schools of thought as complimentary but everyone was committed to prove that their part of the elephant is the best and they know the creature better than others. The neo-classical philosophers were of the view that schooling system should be designed with the help of their philosophy alone and that of others should be discarded. In the history of American schooling system, four distinct intellectual groups tried to influence the educational system and mechanism of the country. The first group is known as the humanistic school of thought that argued that schooling system must be designed in such a way that it should help in communication, prioritization and internalization of cultural norms and civic concepts in the mind of the next generation. The second group was in love with the novel concept of child development and conveye d that the schooling system must insure psychological and spiritual growth of students. The growth of students must be attained with the help of modifying and designing teaching and schooling according to various different needs of the students (Kliebard pp. 148). Then, another intellectual group emerged and it said that the schools must make the students learn the art and science of being a contributive human being. The focus of this group remained on the societal role of the individual in carrying forward the entire society in terms of economics, arts, and sciences. Finally, the re-constructivist approach appeared that stated that the schools are there to bring a vast scale social and political change in the community every now and then (Kliebard pp. 150). Highlights of Dinner with Philosophers from all Educational School of Thought Eliot invited Hall, Ayres and Counts to the dinner. Everyone was on time except Counts because he was busy in delivering lecture at the university and therefore, got late but rushed into the event approximately half an hour after its commencement. He apologized to everyone on the table, dragged his chair near to the host, and greeted him with warmth and respect. However, when he saw signs of annoyance on others’ faces then he seek refuge into stuffing his plate. The intellectual discussion started after the first round of wine and the host himself initiated it. He initially said that American schooling system is outdated and therefore, needs serious restructuring. He also added that he believes that the notion of ethics and civic virtue should be engraved in the students so that they should not indulge in crimes. Counts jumped into the discussion and argued that ethical standards of the society are closely related and correlated with economic outlook of the society and therefore, a man with a full belly can talk about righteousness. Ayres commented that we should classify our children into various groups in the light of th eir interests and capabilities and modify our teaching practices according to their learning needs. The discussion carried out and soon became a quarrel. The intellectual fight was interrupted by Counts when he noted that not all of the present approaches towards education are divergent but indeed, they are leading to the same objective that is human evolution. Everyone was stunned by the observation because each person was looking to

Starbucks Service Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Starbucks Service Marketing - Case Study Example Starbucks is one of the most-known names in the industry of coffee marketing services. The creation of a unique taste that carries the trademark of the business has made it possible for the owner of the organization to make a great name in the face of global market. Undeniably, this strategy of making everything unique while continuously developing has helped the entire business to make it possible for every plan to get along with the aims of the business. In this study, an understanding on how Starbucks operates as a part of the modern industry of commerce and servicing businesses in the world making it possible to make a great name known to many markets around the globe. Primarily, this paper shall focus on how much the business is able to create effective marketing strategies that are noted to have a great impact on the global recognition of the business' trademark. In the aspect of providing specific services to the public in exchange of personal gains mainly the profit, marketing plays an important role. Using effective marketing strategies, one can actually publicly discuss their intentions and the nature of their services to the society attracting prospective clients willingly to avail it as an answer to their respective needs. One of the most important elements to be considered in marketing services in the public is the aspect of pricing. Pricing basically identify one's offered services apart from the others. This concept, if used properly, can be a significant advantage of the one offering or a detrimental factor to the public identity of the person or corporation offering the service. Thus, the important elements regarding pricing must always be considered in effectively applying this approach. In the aspect of pricing, one must always consider competition with the general group and with the other entities offering the same service. The established price must be competitive to that of the others with an attractive nature with the general public to convert them to prospective clients. The price must cater to the public giving them the capability to acknowledge and utilize the service being offered by that of the specific servicing entity. Another element is the quality wherein the price can significantly stand as a marketing agent for the quality of the service. The price should be established not too low to be viewed as a low quality service but not too high to become an expansive mean of acquiring the said service. The price must be determined in the middle signifying that it is commensurable to a high-quality service in the cheapest possible approach. In addition, the price must also be established as appropriately synchronize with the present economic condition and pref erence of the society making it highly noticeable in the present market. In determining the effective price in the aspect of marketing services in the public, one must critically consider the important elements such as economic competition, quality identity, current market trends, and the public preferences regarding the service being offered. With a significant consideration of the said concept, servicing companies can establish an

Don't Know Much About History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Don't Know Much About History - Essay Example Nevertheless, in historical ages when American educational system was being conceptualized and developed, no one was interested to view the ideas from various schools of thought as complimentary but everyone was committed to prove that their part of the elephant is the best and they know the creature better than others. The neo-classical philosophers were of the view that schooling system should be designed with the help of their philosophy alone and that of others should be discarded. In the history of American schooling system, four distinct intellectual groups tried to influence the educational system and mechanism of the country. The first group is known as the humanistic school of thought that argued that schooling system must be designed in such a way that it should help in communication, prioritization and internalization of cultural norms and civic concepts in the mind of the next generation. The second group was in love with the novel concept of child development and conveye d that the schooling system must insure psychological and spiritual growth of students. The growth of students must be attained with the help of modifying and designing teaching and schooling according to various different needs of the students (Kliebard pp. 148). Then, another intellectual group emerged and it said that the schools must make the students learn the art and science of being a contributive human being. The focus of this group remained on the societal role of the individual in carrying forward the entire society in terms of economics, arts, and sciences. Finally, the re-constructivist approach appeared that stated that the schools are there to bring a vast scale social and political change in the community every now and then (Kliebard pp. 150). Highlights of Dinner with Philosophers from all Educational School of Thought Eliot invited Hall, Ayres and Counts to the dinner. Everyone was on time except Counts because he was busy in delivering lecture at the university and therefore, got late but rushed into the event approximately half an hour after its commencement. He apologized to everyone on the table, dragged his chair near to the host, and greeted him with warmth and respect. However, when he saw signs of annoyance on others’ faces then he seek refuge into stuffing his plate. The intellectual discussion started after the first round of wine and the host himself initiated it. He initially said that American schooling system is outdated and therefore, needs serious restructuring. He also added that he believes that the notion of ethics and civic virtue should be engraved in the students so that they should not indulge in crimes. Counts jumped into the discussion and argued that ethical standards of the society are closely related and correlated with economic outlook of the society and therefore, a man with a full belly can talk about righteousness. Ayres commented that we should classify our children into various groups in the light of th eir interests and capabilities and modify our teaching practices according to their learning needs. The discussion carried out and soon became a quarrel. The intellectual fight was interrupted by Counts when he noted that not all of the present approaches towards education are divergent but indeed, they are leading to the same objective that is human evolution. Everyone was stunned by the observation because each person was looking to

Compare and Contrast Your art work to a Fantastic Artists Work Assignment

Compare and Contrast Your art work to a Fantastic Artists Work - Assignment Example His work was influenced by works on cubism and was reported to manifest characteristics and features such as â€Å"soothing poetic, personal stories based on Belarusian folklore and the artists Jewish heritage† (The Penn State College of Arts and Architecture 1). As indicated in his website, most of his art works were inspired by themes from the Bible and likewise incorporated works and elements from the religious life in Russia and from folklore (Marc Chagall Paintings). In analyzing the â€Å"Self-portrait with seven fingers†, one is amazed at the vividness and colorful rendition of his self-portrait and the influence of both cubism and fantastic art are clearly exemplified. As the artist, he was shown in painting a scene apparently from a farm or native village. His image was shown dressed formally for a special event, with his curls distinctly eminent and he was apparently portrayed with his left leg apparently raised or resting on the easel. At the background, viewers see the image of the Eiffel Tower at the backdrop and the walls of his abode were in deep and matte shades of red. Other colors of pink, blue, green, yellow, brown, and black were also used. The seven fingers on his left hand signify the artist’s preference for fantastic art by symbolizing that apparently more vibrant images could be created. Source: Fantasy Art of men’s faces at the background. Marc Chagall’s work is related to one’s art work in terms of expressing fantastic art through personal interpretation of one self. There is disparity in terms of SPACING where one’s work placed various images near the focal point but at a DISTANCE. On the contrary, Chagall’s work clearly DELINEATED IMAGES, and the LIGHT AND DARK colors contributed to depicting nearness and distance. One’s own art work likewise was effective in using SHADOWS to emphasize background images in contrast to the Overall, these works of art portray expressions of

Native Americans and Early American Colonists Essay Example for Free

Native Americans and Early American Colonists Essay Grade school and even beginning level college history classes have taught early American exploration from a largely one sided view of the conflict between early explorers and Native Americans. The traditional image of the Native Americans as the sole victims, is an oversimplification of the conflict that existed between early explorers, settlers and Native Americans. Through the readings from Columbus, Bradford and some selected Native American writings, the traditional view of the Native American victim will be challenged and a broader view of the conflict will be presented. Columbus set out to explore a new land under the Spanish flag to bring riches and fame to Spain and the throne. In his letter to Santangel, Columbus (1493) explained how he hoped to find â€Å"great cities† and â€Å"king[s]† but instead found a primitive people and settlements he described as â€Å"small hamlets† that he viewed quite devolved from the bustling civilizations of Europe (pg. 26). One can clearly see, that Columbus’s hopes of finding rich kingdoms and cultures were dashed; instead his presence was met with resistance from the â€Å"Indians†. This relationship with the natives was described by Baym et. all (2008) as â€Å"disordered and bloody† (pg. 25). These natives were mistreated even though one could argue that they â€Å"threw the first punch† but, as Baym et. all (2008) describes earlier in the chapter, the Natives were not merely victims. They strategically used alliances with explorers and settlers to further their own interests and disputes with warring tribes and peoples. William Bradford (1897) describes quite a different account of his coming to the new world. He was part of a group of â€Å"pilgrims† seeking religious freedom. He likens their arrival to the new world, to the story in Acts were the apostles are met with such aggression from barbarians â€Å"who were readier to fill their sides full of arrows† (pg. 60). Later on in his account, he describes an attack they received from the natives he described as â€Å"enemies† (pg. 64). Later on in his account, Bradford (1897) describes some awful events surrounding early accounts of settler and native interactions in which the Native Americans treated the english as â€Å"worse than slaves† and were sent around and â€Å"ma[d]e sport with† (pg. 70). One last important viewpoint to give credence to is that of the Natives themselves. This account is unique and oftentimes not told. The first story mentioned is that of the freeing of John Smith as a ceremonial act that the natives hoped would earn them respect from the English. This instead had the opposite effect and eventually brought about an attack from the natives which killed over 500 colonists. In a speech from Pontiac (1763) he expresses concern over his people forgetting their heritage and blaming the English for the polluting of his people’s culture and beliefs. He holds the English in complete responsibility and calls for their blood. The traditional view of the natives as the sole victim is an oversimplification of the problems revolving around immigration and cultural diversity. Just from these three personal accounts from the time period we have three very different views of the issue. So, to say that one peoples are the victim is a gross oversimplification and misrepresentation of history. Columbus, C. (1493). Letter to Luis de Santagel Regarding the First Voyage. In Baym, N. (Ed. ). (2008). The Norton Anthology of American Literature (seventh ed., pp. 24-28). New York, NY: W. W. Norton Company, Inc. Bradford, W. (1897). Of Plymouth Plantation. In Baym, N. (Ed. ). (2008). The Norton Anthology of American Literature (seventh ed. , pp. 57-74). New York, NY: W. W. Norton Company, Inc. Pontiac (1763). Speech at Detroit. In Baym, N. (Ed. ). (2008). The Norton Anthology of American Literature (seventh ed. , pp. 208-209). New York, NY: W. W. Norton Company, Inc. Baym, N. (Ed. ). (2008). The Norton Anthology of American Literature (seventh ed. , pp. 1-218). New York, NY: W. W. Norton Company, Inc.

Measuring Happiness And Influences On Happiness Philosophy Essay

Measuring Happiness And Influences On Happiness Philosophy Essay Measuring happiness is a subjective study in determining what values that people use to consider themselves truly happy. Happiness in general depends on many factors: the persons expectations, the uncertainty of the result, how much control a person feels he or she has over the result, comparison with other results, alternative ways to get a result, how a person values the results and the persons goals in general (Hewson 41). How happy a person is can depend on what the person expected from any given outcome in relation to events. For example, if the happiness factor is measured by how much value is seen in an object or event, as minus how much value was expected from the same result, then, there is a gap between what the person got and what the person expected to get. This is somewhat like the profit measured in a business deal, Profit = Income Costs (Hewson 43). Therefore, deciding if a person is happy or not depends on whether the same person sees or values an event as positive o r negative, if the result was expected and anticipated, and if the result made the person satisfied or not after the event has passed. Our culture measures happiness by how successful a person is in relation to money earned. In this way, there is a value put on the idea of being successful, having money in the bank and having made it. But many scientists state that once a person has escaped poverty, the more money he or she accumulates will not necessarily buy more happiness for the person, and there will not be a value relation on happiness (Chatzky 28). It is fascinating to note that theres little difference in the overall happiness of millionaires and the middle classà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.if you are going to spend your money in search of greater happiness, youre better off buying experiences rather than things (Chatzky 28). Many people may agree that our experiences mellow and become more pleasant over time, and even if they are unreasonably embellished, they are still pleasant to recall. In this way, it is considered valuable to have had a relaxing vacation, or spend time with family or explore a new place in the pers ons home town. Some tips to happiness are to find bliss in everyday items by paying attention to the smaller aspects of life, and enjoying the anticipation of preparing for and experiencing a new event. In this way, people can appreciate and measure the value of finding joy in everyday tasks, and living well even with less money. Even biology and genetics can contribute to achieving and finding the value of happiness in our lives. Because the human brain is only 38% developed at birth (unlike other mammals, which are 98% developed at birth), humans need nurturing, enjoy grappling with ideas, sharing their thoughts and improving their education to allow them the essentials for finding happiness in their lives (Foran 573). This is valuable because most people prefer to be challenged, and look for ways to push themselves to achieve, whether in extreme sports, or in working overtime at their jobs to experience the satisfaction of finishing a project on time there is definite value in achievements that lead to a feeling of having conquered something. Happiness is also measured best by being assessed on how people feel on average over a long period of time (Layard 25). It is necessary to study the moods of the masses and determine if their feelings are happy or not, as well as determining if they place a high value on those feelings in general. In one study, women were seen to be happiest at meal times and at the end of the day, which confirms that many people are happiest when they are alone, without the company of others. When looking at the happiness factor of different countries, it is seen that if the average income per person is less than $15,000 per year, any extra money gained will tend to make the person happier. But if the average income is well above this level, a persons happiness seems to be independent of incomeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the average American is much richer than the average Icelander or Dane, but also less happy (Layard 25). The reason behind the disparity is that people are always comparing themselves to others, and the stakes are continually rising, keeping real happiness just out of their reach. The two factors most people use to measure their happiness in regards to family income, is that people compare the income that they receive to the income that other people receive, to see if they measure up to or make more money than the other person does. The reference group used by most people is usually a neighbor or group of friends, as opposed to making comparisons to celebrated figures with abnormally high salaries. People also value the time they have to relax to pursue their leisure activities such as: socializing, exercising, meditation, watching TV, preparing food, childcare, internet/mail, doing housework, or commuting to work (Layard 26). These small tasks are what make up the average persons day, but any one task on its own would be considered valuable as a tool for relaxation. For people who consider themselves happy, the absence of any co-variation over time, in regards to their economic situation maintaining stability, would indicate that the measure of happiness lacks validity (Hellevik 243). For people living in Norway, for example, note that their health and family situation have a stronger effect on their happiness, more than any other factor. Happiness was measured as a value in the persons life, if the person did not have to worry about his or her subjective well-being. This meant that the person was less fearful regarding crime, burglary, theft or assaults, terrorism or any other kind of environmental threat to the country (Norway) in general if the person was in good health and had strong familial ties. It has been said in songs and ballads that the simple pleasures of life are the ones that produce the highest factor of joy for those experiencing them (Sikka 515). In bygone primitive societies, humans living tribal family lives felt the deep feelings of being within a loving group, and feeling happy with the connection to others. It is also said that people experienced satisfaction in primitive times, and felt happy in the way common to any living creature, since human beingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦were destined by God for a life of harmony and innocent contentment (Sikka 517). Humans also find value in the necessity for labor and physical activity. By using physical effort, the use of the senses, and exercising understanding, attention, memory and decision, this makes up the persons spirit or inner life-force, allowing the reward of such activities to bring happiness and joy (Sikka 526). It is true that happiness is measured in different ways in other cultures. In non-Western cultures, happiness is considered a vague notion which has a general meaning of the person experiencing positive factors and a good life. In fact, the word happiness did not appear in the Chinese language until recently, with happiness being measured as high if the person had longevity, prosperity, health, peace, virtue and a comfortable death as the best values in life (Luo 479). Asian cultures believe that, according to the Yin-Yang theory, there are two universal concepts or opposite forms of nature which control all creations. These forces are constantly changing and evolving, and it is the basis of Taoism theory, which states that well-being is achieved with balance within these forces of nature. The Chinese also believe in dualism, that is where two systems represent the wisdom of the laboring masses and the wisdom of the educated elite, offering different ethics for common and learned peo ple. This wisdom would compare the happiness quotient of a common person to an educated person and the values would be considered subjective for each group. Also, Confucian philosophy shows that the life of each individual person is only a link to the persons ancestors, and each person continues where the ancestors left off (Luo 479). This idea is more than simple reincarnation, it puts the family at the center of a persons life, and makes maintaining relationships in the family unit a priority and measure of happiness. People also value happiness by valuing the health of their family. This is because having better health allows a person to live more happily, earn more money at a job, and spend more on health care for the benefit of better health benefits overall (de Mello Tiongson 594). If a family member (or the person him or herself) is in poor health, this will affect the calculation one would make to determine and measure overall happiness. The happiest people when surveyed on a 10-point life-satisfaction scale, were those who actually earned less money than slightly less happier respondents (Stinchfield 56). These results show that it is an unrealistic expectation to be superhappy, and instead it is more realistic to be somewhat happy with life in general. For people who are moderately happy, it means that they are likelier to try harder to change their lives for the better, such as finding a new job in a different career or performing better at school. When deciding what really matters, it is necessary to prioritize, look for the real meaning of matters or mysteries, seek to nurture a positive attitude, connect with the spirit and inner being, ask if happiness is possible, look for the meaning of life in the right places and being kind to others which all serve to find value in life and happiness in a persons life in general (Ardell 1). Who among us is happy and has found the value of happiness? The unhappiest countries in the world, as determined by a study by Borooah performed in 2006, were the former countries of the Soviet Union and the Eastern European bloc, since seventeen of the 20 unhappiest countries were in this category (Borooah 483). The other three unhappiest countries were Zimbabwe (because of a repressive dictator), Iran (a theocracy) and China (a communist country) (Borooah 483). The happiest countries of the world (at the time of this study) were Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA, with Latin American countries running as close second, and including South Africa, Tanzania, Nigeria, and a few Asian countries such as Singapore and Vietnam. Therefore, the measurement of happiness globally depends on the value that the person deciding on happiness puts on the events experienced daily in life. People have the choice to become happy, value everyday experiences and seek positive meanings from their lives for a richer experience and higher quality of life overall.

Hip Hop vs. Ethics Essay -- World Cultures Music Morals Essays

Ethics of The Music Industry Works Cited Not Included Hip-hop culture has been socially labeled as deviant, a counter-culture, un-American because of its lack of moral. Specifically, "gangsta rap" which glorifies guns, sex, violence, drug use and gang activity has been castigated. This type of rap promotes a nonconformist and rebel adaptive behavior. As a result, it gives hip-hop culture a deviant label. A simple definition of deviance is "behavior that does not conform to group-shared norms; behavior that (in some way) does not meet the expectations of a group or a society as a whole and is subject to social control" (Liska 2). Mr. Kirkland, along with rap entrepreneur Russell Simmons, Grammy award-winning Chuck D, Charles Fisher and the NAACP are major moral entrepreneurs of the nascent grass-roots reform movement and pillars to the hip hop culture industry. Raptivism, "At the core of their campaign is a conviction that amounts to heresy in some quarters of the rap world: Artistic images do influence behavior, especially when it comes to young people, and that the industry has a responsibility to counter the glorification that empowers kids, rather than landing them in jail" (Marks 1). The deviance label of rap music has created an atmosphere for moral panic in which big names in the hip hop culture are acting as morale entrepreneurs to counter-act and make a transformation. According to act-utilitarianism, the controversial lyrics of hip-hop artists may have a greater balance of good consequences over the bad consequences. Therefore, they create the greatest happiness within hip hop culture. The function of "raptivism" is feasible because of the potential power of this grass-roots movement to create a flux of positive m... ...ing hip-hop's survival will be their choice. "Raptivism" aims to attain overall greatest happiness. It is a plan to overcome it's immoral image that larger society has labeled it to have. Russell Simmon's "raptivism" movement is the most acceptable choice due to the extremity of other possible solutions. One possible solution could be the censorship of hip-hop music, which has been proven unconstitutional and has never held up in court due to the constitution's freedom of speech amendment. Another solution is to leave hip-hop the way it is now. Creating this movement is an effective way to respond to the moral dilemmas and negative image that hip-hop has obtained, while not trying to censor nonconformists. Besides, it will be lead by the most influential leaders and creators of the industry, whom which also has support from the most respected and famous rappers.

Early Seventeenth Century Literature Essay

The earlier seventeenth century is famous for such writers as William Shakespeare, Lope de Vega, Miguel de Cervantes, Francis Bacon etc. Literature is always depends on political situation in the world and, surely, art trends. Seventeenth century – is the bloom of reformation and struggle against Catholicity and this fact has its reflection in the literature and art of that period also. The beginning of the seventeen century was a complicated period in the world history. It was the reformation in its full swing, old dogmata which seemed immutable, were overthrown without any respect. The process of reformation divided not only European countries, it divided layers of society in each country, and, sometimes, it divided people in the same family. The reformation was not only a clergy process, it reflected also a natural people’s striving for spiritual and mind renewal. Early Seventeenth Century Literature The most remarkable trends in points of view of the prominent writers in the beginning of the seventeenth century are critical opinions as to the human environment. For example, Lope de Vega, in his dramas â€Å"Fuente Ovehuna†, â€Å"The star of Sevilla† showed a broad panorama of the Spanish society in the seventeenth century. The authors tried to outline in their works the most problem points of their contemporary society. The beginning of the seventeenth century is the reformation time, so a lot of writers firstly after a long time had an opportunity to have a point of view in their writings and to write about real events in their countries. That’s why the literature of that period is full of critical opinions as to the human environment, heroic dramas and reformation sense. Saying about trends in the use of symbolism in the literature of the beginning of the seventeen century, it is possible to mention Robert Hall, who was was really interested in the question of using symbolism in the literature. Appearance of any symbol is not accidental. â€Å"To what extent can it be maintained that the two processes are compatible, and that the individual writer can be assumed to be reflecting such non-individual phenomena as cultural patterns and problems? † (Hall, 1963, p. 161). In the middle of sixteen-beginning of seventeen century the objects of latent fears and diseased imagination became to appear in the literature. For example, â€Å"Don Kihot† (1605) – the main symbol of Servantes cognominal writing, who has spent his life for nothing but reading novels about knights’ gests and struggling for windmills. The literature of seventeen century could show this because of some liberty from the Church mind. Trends in a central theme of the most writings were depended on the fact that the literature of the first half of the seventeenth century belonged mostly to humanism. Therefore, the main theme of the most works was the man, as the individual, who opposed to the inertness and the sluggishness of the masses. It is not occasionally, that almost simultaneously two great works of humanistic literature arose , – â€Å"Hamlet† by William Shakespeare (1601) and the first volume of the â€Å"Don Kihot† (1605). Both heroes, Don Kihot and Hamlet have much in common. They both look at the world around differently compared to their environment, they both are regarded crazy by other people. The theme of loneliness of the man in the world was begun for future development exactly at that period of time. Also, some changes and characters had writer’s style of that epoch. The global reformation impacted to the writer’s style in the beginning of the seventeen century. Global liberty and heroic climate which was born in numerous military conflicts had its reflection in the literature in heroic dramas and other similar writings. The bright example of reformation literature could be such writing as â€Å"Henry IV† by William Shakespeare. Also, the beginning of the seventeen century – is the time of staggering popularity of theater. That time theater was more popular then books and people preferred to see rather to read. Surely, this fact had a really great impact on the literature and writer’s style of that period as the most of writers began to write plays instead of habitual novels. To my point of view, the work that best exemplifies the beginning of the 17th Century is â€Å"Hamlet† by William Shakespeare. This tragedy reflects the main idea of the epoch – idea of disunity and incomprehension between people from one side, and the idea of the nobility and the grandeur of the man, of the human. â€Å"He was a man, take him for all in all† (Shakespeare, 1603, Act 1, Scene 2) – the main hero of the tragedy says. These words show new vision, new parameters of the ideal man for that time. The Hamlet’s speech shows the ideal of the man, that was inherent to the epoch of Humanism, Reformation and New Age. The late king was a harmonic thought incarnation in Hamlet’s eyes. Therefore Shakespeare demonstrates the main demand for the Hero of the Time – to think, to contemplate. Surely, it is difficult to find out what exactly has the most impact each to other – literature on the environment or vice versa. But literature is always like a mirror that shows the climate in society and country. The literature of the beginning of the seventeenth century was a base for humanism trends in the world literature. It was courageous for that time and free from past pressure of violent morality and Catholicity. Later, those humanism ideas has proceed and expanded and found their reflection in such events like English revolution in 1640 and French revolution in 1789. References Hall, Robert A. , Jr. (1963). Cultural Symbolism in Literature (169 pgs). Ithaca, N. Y. , Linguistica. Goncalves, H. (1985). Character, Ideology and Symbolism in the Plays of Wedekind, Sternheim Kaiser, Toller and Brecht (145 pgs). London the modern humanities research association.

Hate Crimes Agrumentative Paper Essay

On October 6, 1998, 21-year-old Matthew Shepard was beaten, tortured, tied to a fence, and left to die. He was rushed to a nearby hospital, but succumbed to his severe injuries 6 days later. A young man, who still had his whole life ahead of him, lost the chance to experience it because he was gay. Hate crimes, such as this case, still happen today and at an increasing rate, according to the statistics gathered by the U.S Department of Justice. A hate crime is a criminal offense against a person or property motivated by the offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, or sexual orientation. Harsher punishments must accompany hate crimes because of their unique characteristics such as the impact it has on the American society, their high possibility of recidivism, and the immense amount of psychological trauma these cases can create. Although individuals are free to believe in what they want, there is a limit to how much an individual can practice it. Hate crimes attac k the very base of American society, built on freedom and equality. This is where the line must be drawn. It is America’s job to ensure that freedom and equality is available to everyone without the oppression of any individuals who think otherwise. Hate crime offenders practice their beliefs to the point that their actions are no longer safe on the individuals against their views. As with any case under the American law, crimes become hate crimes if, and only if, there is sufficient evidence that the motive was a bias against the victim. For example, the Shepard case involved a witness, an attacker’s girlfriend, which stated that the suspect’s actions were triggered by â€Å"how he felt about gays.† The trials resulted in both suspects receiving an additional life sentence due to the hate crime evidence. Another famous case is the Zimmerman case which involved a Hispanic man who shot, and ultimately killed, an African-American teenager because he thought the teenager was suspicious. Although the majority of the public believed it was due to the teenagerâ€⠄¢s skin color, the Zimmerman case was not labeled a hate crime due to the insufficient amount of evidence, and Zimmerman was later acquitted by the jury. Those harsher punishments allow hate crimes to be feared, thus, stopping the problem before it happens. Whether labeled as a hate crime or not, cases like these  taint the American image of freedom and equality. Hate crimes have a much higher recidivism rate than unbiased crimes, such as burglary, because it is a more deep-rooted hatred in which cannot be eased with just the death or injury of just one person, but rather, the group as a whole. Recidivism is the legal term for the tendency of a criminal to relapse into the same behavior that individual was convicted for in the past. This makes the group or community much more afraid than if it was a crime of hatred towards a specific person. The fact is, hate crimes involve a much bigger set of victims. Everyone in that specific group could have been a target and would still be a target. These cases don’t just involve the victim in question, nor their family members, but, rather, a whole community. Hate crimes are different from other crimes since the offender sends, whether directly or indirectly, a message to the members of that group that they are unwelcome and unsafe in that particular neighborhood, school, or other environment. Based on the studies observed by the American Psychological Association, the targeted communities often lose their sense of security and safety, This leads to depression and low self-esteem in the members of that group. If the law puts the suspects back onto the streets without any attention on their motive against the race or sexual orientation of the victim, that specific group will feel unsafe due to the fact the motive did not matter at all in the trial. It is absolutely necessary to add the harsher punishment in order to, at least, ease the minds of the targeted community and to show that the motive against that community does matter. Hate crimes involve more than just a traditional act of violence. They involve a whole community and a whole society. Hate crimes affect the American image set upon freedom and equality. They are also motivated by something an individual can not control nor does any harm to the offender. The special circumstances that these crimes have need special attention, and the harsher punishments are just one of the ways to reduce the frequency of these horrid attacks.